| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Jewish Temple at Leontopolis ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Land of Onias
The Land of Onias ((ギリシア語:Ὀνίας))〔''Wars of the Jews'' vii. 10, § 3.〕 is the name given in Hellenistic Egyptian, Jewish, and Roman sources to an area in Ancient Egypt's Nile delta where a large number of Jews settled. The Land of Onias, which included the city of Leontopolis (Λεόντων πόλις), was located in the nome of Heliopolis. While accounts differ on the details, it is known that the Jews of Leontopolis had a functioning Temple, presided over by kohanim of the family of Onias IV (for whom the "Land of Onias" is named). Like its predecessor the Jewish Temple at Elephantine (destroyed in the 4th century BCE), the Temple at Leontopolis was the only Jewish sanctuary outside of Jerusalem where sacrifices were offered. Aside from a somewhat uncertain allusion of the Hellenist Artapanus,〔In Eusebius, ''Præparatio Evangelica'', ix. 23〕 only Josephus gives information about this temple.〔More explicitly in his ''Jewish Antiquities'' (xiii.1-3) than in his ''The Wars of the Jews'' (vii.2-4).〕 The Talmudic accounts are internally contradictory. The establishment of a central sanctuary in Egypt was probably undertaken in response, in part, to the disorders that arose in Palestine under Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the desecration of the Temple at Jerusalem under his reign, the supplanting of the legitimate family of priests by the installation of Alcimus, the personal ambition of Onias IV, and the vast extent of the Jewish diaspora in Egypt that created demand for a sanctuary of this nature.
== Jewish temple at Leontopolis ==
The account of Josephus in the ''The Jewish War'',〔''War'' i. 1, § 1; vii. 10, § 2.〕 refers to the Onias who built the Temple at Leontopolis as "the son of Simon", implying that it was Onias III, and not his son, who fled to Egypt and built the Temple. This account, however, is contradicted by the story that Onias III was murdered at Antioch in 171 BCE.〔II Maccabees iv. 33.〕 Josephus' account in the ''Antiquities'' is therefore more probable, namely, that the builder of the temple was a son of the murdered Onias III, and that, a mere youth at the time of his father's death, he had fled to the court of Alexandria in consequence of the Syrian persecutions, perhaps because he thought that salvation would come to his people from Egypt.〔''Ant.'' xii. 5, § 1; ib. 9, § 7.〕 Ptolemy VI was King of Egypt at that time. He probably had not yet given up his claims to Coele-Syria and Judea, and gladly gave refuge to such a prominent personage of the neighboring country. Onias now requested the king and his sister-wife, Cleopatra, to allow him to build a sanctuary in Egypt similar to the one at Jerusalem, where he would employ Levites and priests of his own clan;〔''Ant.'' xiii. 3, § 1.〕 and he referred to the prediction of the prophet Isaiah〔Isaiah xix. 19.〕 that a Jewish temple would be erected in Egypt.〔''Ant.'' xiii. 3, § 1.〕
According to Josephus, the temple of Leontopolis existed for 343 years,〔''Wars of the Jews'' vii. 10, § 4〕 though the general opinion is that this number must be changed to 243. He relates that the Roman emperor Vespasian feared that through this temple Egypt might become a new center for Jewish rebellion and therefore ordered the governor of Egypt, Lupus, to demolish it.〔''Wars of the Jews'' vii. 10, § 2〕 Lupus died in the process of carrying out the order; and the task of stripping the temple of its treasures, barring access to it, and removing all traces of divine worship at the site was completed by his successor, Paulinus,〔''Wars of the Jews'' vii. 10, § 4〕 which dates the event to c. March - August 73.〔According to E. Mary Smallwood, Lupus is last attested in office by dated Egyptian documents in March 73, whilst Paulinus is first attested before the end of August 73 ("Josephus: The Jewish War", p. 460, note 58; ISBN 0-14-044420-3).〕
In his dig at Tell al-Yahudi in 1905/6, Flinders Petrie identified the remains of this temple.〔(Petrie and BSAE excavations and finds )〕〔Ebers, "Durch Gosen zum Sinai," pp. 497 ''et seq.''〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Land of Onias」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|